Sea Burial
Sea burial — the interment or scattering of remains at sea — is a regulated, long-established practice with deep roots in maritime and military tradition.
Overview
Sea burial refers to two distinct practices: full-body burial at sea, in which a weighted, biodegradable-wrapped body is committed to the ocean at a regulated distance from shore, and the scattering of cremated remains at sea, which is more common today. Both have long traditions in naval and maritime communities.
How It Works
In the United States, full-body sea burial is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Clean Water Act and generally must occur at least three nautical miles from land, in water of a specified minimum depth, with the body prepared to ensure it sinks rapidly. Ash scattering at sea has fewer restrictions but still generally requires occurring at least three nautical miles from shore, with the EPA notified within 30 days.
Sustainability & Environmental Impact
Sea burial avoids land use entirely and, for cremated remains, has minimal material footprint. Full-body sea burial should use only biodegradable materials to avoid introducing synthetic waste into marine ecosystems, which regulations are designed to enforce.
Legal Status & Availability
In the U.S., sea burial is federally regulated by the EPA, with specific distance-from-shore and depth requirements. Other countries maintain their own maritime and environmental regulations. The U.S. Navy also offers sea burial for eligible veterans and their families through its Sea Services Burial program.
Laws governing body disposition vary by country, state/province, and sometimes county. Always verify current regulations with a local funeral authority, cemetery board, or attorney before making decisions.
Considerations
Families should work with a provider experienced in EPA-compliant sea burial or scattering, since improperly conducted full-body sea burial can violate federal law. Weather and vessel availability can also affect scheduling.
Frequently Asked Questions
How far from shore must sea burial occur?
In the U.S., EPA regulations generally require at least three nautical miles from land for both full-body burial and ash scattering, with additional depth requirements for full-body burial.
Is sea burial free for veterans?
The U.S. Navy offers full-body and cremated-remains sea burial at no cost to eligible veterans and certain family members through its official program.